Economic Cycle From 1984 To 1986 Essay

We would first be able to characterize monetary cycles as the reoccurrence of the development or constriction of a nations economy. We despite everything need to take a gander at the perspective on Wesley Mitchell who is the most acclaimed in the examination on financial cycles. He characterized business cycle as; Business cycles are a sort of variance found in the total monetary movement of countries that compose their work for the most part in business undertakings; a cycle comprises of extensions happening at about a similar time in numerous financial exercises, trailed by comparatively broad downturns, constrictions, and recoveries which converge into the development period of the following cycle; this succession of changes is intermittent however not occasional; in length business cycles differ from over one year to ten or twelve years; they are not separable into shorter patterns of comparative character with amplitudes around their own. (Consumes and Mitchell, 1946, p. 3) In this paper, we would be taking a gander at the monetary pattern of the U. S economy between 1984 to 986. In any case, before going into the financial cycle that existed from 1984 to 1986, obviously in our current time the economy of now pulls similar patterns with that of the 1980s. The present monetary states bears the equivalent tends as well, with the obtaining made by government to descend following the generous long stretches of acquiring. The PSBR declined and surpluses were reached as the 1980s advanced. Surpluses were anticipated to proceed on the grounds of unaltered arrangements. __________________ 1. Bruce T. Grimm, â€Å"Alternative Measures of U. S. Monetary Activity in Business Cycles and Business Cycle Dating,† BEA Working Papers 0024, Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2005. By the by, this was not the equivalent in the mid 1990s, as open accounts had crumbled uniquely with the shortage arriving at 7 percent of GDP in 1993-94. Not withstanding we need to take a gander at the point ready and examine on the patterns of 1984-1986. Monetary CYCLE IN 1984 The economy of the United State soared at a quick pace for almost two decades as the wallets of customers went fat and it was tied in with shopping binge . This was about the downturn of the 1980s with detail to the year 1984. The expanded pace of development didn't just ponder the method of shopping yet on the burning through done on business. From 1984 to 1986, there was a fast increment in work. The expansion was quick to the point that numerous investigators to term the United States economy as the American occupation machine. Be that as it may, as the pace of business expanded, many despite everything didn't profit by the development. Among the less taught youngsters, joblessness increased and the pace of work power partaking diminished. In spite of the fact that there were sufficient employments, many despite everything contended the quality and estimation of the American occupation regarding pay, advantages, and professional stability was diminishing. There was a reduction in lucrative occupations in the assembling division and there were a greater amount of low paying employments. There was a development in low maintenance and transitory occupations and the less gifted laborers resembled a disintegration of employment quality. By the early piece of 1984, America encountered the new time of supported development since World War II. The tax reduction made by government expanded the pace of burning through done by buyers. ______________________ 2. Consumes, Arthur, and Mitchell, Wesley. Estimating Business Cycles. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research. (1946). GNP expanded at a yearly pace of 4. 2 percent aside from the decrease in 1986 to less than 2 percent. This was the least in the decade. The pace of swelling was between three to five percent and the economy delivered 13 million employments. Monetary CYCLE 1985 The economy of the United States proceeded in an upward pattern from 1984 to 1986. This proceeded in 1985 however in a moderate pattern in the early year. By and by, as the financial development proceeded because of sound development and the interest for merchandise and enterprises, the household creation endured on the grounds that most products accessible where imports. The second 50% of the year was likewise went with consistent development that lead to the desire for a proceeded with development into 1986. Presently, investigating the economy in 1985, it was seen that the primary portion of the year had a drowsy development. The GNP of the last 50% of 1984 rose by 3 percent yet that of the primary portion of 1985 was rose distinctly by 1%. The exacerbating of the fare segment and the decrease in stock interest in first half to a great extent counterbalance a tolerably solid increment in the acquisition of local item products and ventures. These included government buys, business fixed speculation, utilization consumptions and private developments. A large portion of the quality in buys where given by U. S families. This is because of the solid development in utilization and the expansion in burning through done on private tasks. Continuously 50% of the year in 1985, the financial development has revived with a 4. 3 percent ascend in the GNP at second from last quarter. The local last buy expanded more than that of the main half and the was a decrease the pace of fare. On account of the sharp _____________________ 3. Balke, Nathan S and Gordon, Robert J. â€Å"The Estimation of Prewar Gross National Product: Methodology and New Evidence†. February 1989. Diary of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 97(1), pages 38-92. overview in the residential stocks for car, stock speculation, decrease more than that of the main half. The government’s acquisition of merchandise and ventures in the second from last quarter were likewise a sharp supporter of the acquisition of household last items. The ascent in government buy was a result of the expanded utilization of Commodity Credit Corporation Loans by ranchers and enormous increment in guard buys. Private fixed venture additionally expanded and keeping in mind that nonresidential fixed speculations declined. Uses done on close to home utilization items expanded firmly in second from last quarter of 1985. The monetary development pace in 1985 was a consistent one and it was around 2. 5 percent. This was lower than that of 1984. The development in local buy increment on account of the interest for individual utilization was high. Asset use and Inflation In 1985, the development in yield was not sufficiently able to diminish the underuse of assets. The pace of joblessness for the regular folks tumbled from 7. 2 percent to 7 percent in November. Assembling work declined and the finance for nonfarm occupations expanded respectably. The pace of limit use in businesses, which was another proportion of assets use declined at around one percent point. This mirrored the more noteworthy leeway present in the mechanical division than in the social economy. The expansion rate was checked by the leeway in the economy this was joined with the solid dollar costs on import and imports contending merchandise. There was a moderate in increment in the pace of work cost and the ideal execution at food and vitality costs added to the degree of swelling in 1985. The broadest general value file _____________________ 4. Cacy, J. A. , Glenn, H. M. , and Dan, H. H. â€Å"Economic Review: The U. S. Economy in 1985 and 1986†. December 1985. expanded by 3. 75 percent yearly rate over the initial seventy five percent of 1985. the cost of completed products sold at discount rose by 1. 5 percent in November. This was higher in than that of 1984. The costs of food item declined altogether and there was a slight drop in vitality costs. In outline, the year 1985 saw moderate U. S. request development being changed to a languid out put development. This was a direct result of the compounding pace of fare and stock speculation. The drowsy yield development kept a lot of asset inert. The all out leeway experienced in the economy, the immediate impact of solid dollar, the frail food costs, and the feeble vitality costs limited the pace of value swelling.

Argos and Corinth essays

Argos and Corinth articles Argos was established by Phoroneus; he named it after his child, Argos. It was the second biggest city-state in Ancient Greece, and for quite a long time, the most significant one. Argos was auxiliary to Mycenae until the Dorian attack in the twelfth century BC. At that point Argos turned into the most unmistakable Greek city-state in the northeastern Peloponnese. Argos and the Early Hoplite Greek records start in 680 BC legitimate, which matches with the dates credited to the ascent of King Pheidon of Argos, who is ascribed with formalizing the hoplite framework and rejoining the Argolid city-states under Argive rule.Though, Argos got held in disrespect by other city-states in 480 BC when Athens and Sparta asked Argos polis to send supplies, and Argos can't. Argos had a fruitful military. Argos has consistently been profitable during times of war and harmony. Argos and Sparta were contending city-states Argos climate is normally hot since its polis is situated on a plain. The Argives soil isn't exceptionally rich, convincing them to battle the components for food. This was a significant hardship for them, however inspite of this, Argives were better and a jealousy than th0e other Greek city-states. In 146 BC Argos turned out to be a piece of the Roman territory of Achaea (region of Argos) and thrived as a focal point of expressions and exchange during the Roman time frame. Argos was generally renowned for its sculptures of competitors; glorious and undulating with muscle. The were additionally celebrated for their brilliant performers and artists. Argos was the primary spot in all of Greece where plays were acted in outside theaters; they drew hordes of more than 20,000. Dramatization arrived at new statures in Argos polis. Corinth, as a waterfront city, had its own bank and fruitful works program. From this, their history prospered. However, Corinth was never the mo ... <!

Altruja

Altruja In Munich we talked with Nicolas Reis, co-founder and CEO of Altruja, about how he started the company, how the current business model is working and how they are serving which customer segments, and what advice Nicolas can share with other entrepreneurs.Altruja is a subscription service helping Non-Profit Organization raise more donations online.Interviewer: Hi. Today we are in the wonderful and sunny Munich with Altruja and Nicolas. Nicolas, who are you and what do you do?Nicolas: Hi. First of all, welcome, it’s great to have you guys here in Munich. My name is Nicolas, I am one of the founders of Altruja, and we do online fundraising for non-profit organizations. That means we build a software that non-profit organizations, which are our clients, can integrate into their own websites to collect donations. So basically it is payment processing for non-profit organizations.Interviewer: When and why did you start the company?Nicolas: We started right about four years ago, in the Ma rch of 2010. And ‘why’ is a good question, actually I lived in the US, in Santiago, where I did my Masters, my MBA, and after my MBA I worked for a software company that did online registration for business events, sports events, etc. For example, the Los Angeles Marathon. One of the tools they had was a charity tool. So if you are running the LA Marathon, they would ask you, Hey, it’s great you’re in the marathon, why don’t you raise money for LA’s kids’ charity? And a lot of people were doing this. So when I was checking back and forth with my friends and I was looking at how this was done in the rest of the world, I saw that there was something similar in Australia, in England, but nothing in Central Europe. There was nothing where non-profit organizations were able to collect money easily, securely and fast. It was a very costly process. So when I moved back in 2009 that idea stuck with me and I decided to use this opportunity and build a company.Interviewer: Did y our former employee in any way cooperate with you, or did you just do everything from scratch?Nicolas: Actually when I came over I took some of the ideas from this company in the US, but none of their technology. When I started here in Munich I was friends with the founders of Amiando â€" I don’t know if you still know them, they were acquired by XING EVENTS â€" and our initial idea was to build it up like Amiando for charities, because the idea of integrating a tool into a website was very similar to their technology. But pretty quickly we realized we should open a second company for that. However those guys were very supportive, actually our first investors and shareholders are Amiando and the founders themselves. So we did not take any of the technology, but obviously they were very helpful in making the first introductions and in helping us getting the company started. So that means that now a very little portion of us belongs to XING. I don’t know if they know.Interviewer: Let’s talk about the business model of Altruja. Can you briefly explain how it works, who are your customers, and how you are making money?Nicolas: I can actually also tell you how the business model shifted in the past, because that happened three or four time probably. Our clients and our customers are non-profit organization, which means that, by definition, we only work with foundations, clubs, political parties, etc., all those that are eligible and need donations to run their projects. If you think about that, it’s actually quite a big market. In German speaking part of Europe, six to seven billion Euros are donated every year. But only a very small portion of that is donated online, so far like 1% to 2% maybe. Whereas in the US we’re up to 10% to 20%. So that means non-profit organizations waste a lot of money on mail marketing, like postcards. My parents, during Christmas season, get hundreds of postcards from SOS Children’s Village, UNICEF, etc., and 99% of those ge t trashed in the mail. Another way to get donations is people, especially students, on the street asking people to chip in donations, posters and all that stuff, it’s very costly.So our system in the beginning worked like this that we offered them the tools completely for free and charging them a percentage fee of whatever we were raising for the. It was like 9.9%. The result was that some of our clients that were using our tool very efficiently were paying us a lot of money. It was nice for us, but it was a lot of money for them. On the other hand, many of the organizations that were raising very little money were probably causing the same trouble for us for the same work, and maybe if they only raised €50 a month, we were sending invoice for €3.85, something like that.So that means we shifted our model to something where we charge them a software fee, it’s very low, it’s like €59 for the software per month, and included in that is a volume to collect a donation of like €5000. So, in essence, it’s a ‘Software as a Service’, we rent out the software, and if they want we do the payment processing for them. That’s pretty much the business model.Interviewer: Do you have different pricing points, can you tell us about that?Nicolas: Initially we had different prices, we had three different tools, one for raising money with friends, peer-to-peer, the other one was raising money with companies, and the last one was just a simple basic donation form. So we had different prices for them and realized that it was way too complicated, different volumes, different tools, way too complicated. Now we just throw everything together, and the only distinction we make is by the volume that you raise, because we pay all the credit card fees. So hopefully you use a lot of our tools and you raise as much money as possible for the organization, but for us the only thing that makes a difference is how much it is because that’s where our cost structure lies.Int erviewer: Can you tell us about how the product is integrated with the non-profit organizations?Nicolas: It’s actually very simple. You can imagine it’s like integrating a YouTube video into your organization’s website. You get a tool, an HTML code, from us, copy that, paste that into the website, and from a technical perspective that’s it. So we need maybe five minutes of the web admin, that’s it. After that the person who is responsible for fundraising, for the donations, can change the text, the color, the image, the font, it’s as easy as using Windows PC. So that’s very easy.All the payment processing, all the critical part, happens in this frame, in ours, so that means that the charity does not have to worry about data privacy, about credit card safety, about payment processing above other stuff, that happens in our website that is integrated into their website. However, the donor, the person who wants to donate, does not realize any of this. He just realizes, “ Oh, look now the charity has a pretty cool tool on their website.” We are like the good guys in the background, making sure that everything runs smoothly.Interviewer: Does it only work like this that, let us say, integrate this plugin on my website, and then the users that are coming to my website as a non-profit organization just click on it, donate some money, you take care of the payment process etc., I get my money every month or so, and that’s it, or do you also focus on providing some other services and values to the non-profit organizations?Nicolas: The first one was the basic tool, that is the bread and butter, that’s what most organizations need to get started, because getting on the website and making donations that’s the must-have. On top of that, if the organizations want to increase the donations and get more donors to get to their site, that’s when we use our peer-to-peer fundraising tool, as we call it, like you run the marathon and you want to support Amnes ty International. For example, during the Munich Marathon or Vienna Marathon we work with those, you can create your own little page, it can be like ‘Joe Smith runs the Munich Marathon site for Amnesty International’, and you can invite all your friends and say I am running the Marathon, please help me to raise a thousand Euros for Amnesty International. Now all your friends can donate and help you to achieve your goal, and those will be people that probably would have never donated to Amnesty before, but because they’re friends with you they chipped in.For example, we had young woman, she’s 32, she started a campaign for an organization from Hamburg last Friday, and over the weekend, within four days, she raised €7,000 from her friends. So just imagine a young lady, 32 years old, raising €7,000 within four days from people all over the world, because they were friends with her and they wanted to help her achieve her goal. And for a non-profit organization that’s gold, they would have never been able to reach those donors.Interviewer: Let’s talk about corporate strategy. If you’re thinking of Altruja as a service provider for non-profit organizations, what do you need to do in the next years in order to create some competitive advantage over other ways of raising donations?Nicolas: First of all, for us it’s an advantage that nowadays more and more organizations have to go online. Sometime it’s very shocking how little they know in the web space because obviously most donor organizations are bit older, they’re mostly our parents, so until now they did not have to deal with their website. But now we get the feeling that this is changing, they’re really interested in learning more about this.To answer your question, I think this is where we need to step up more, and where we want to step up more is to provide them with the knowledge, because it’s not enough just to give them the software, that’s probably what we did in the beginning, like here’s the software, it’s great, you can use a lot of tools, and they were like, okay, great, but I don’t have a driver’s license to drive this car, like they don’t know what to do with it and how to target new donors online.So now we work with them and help them to be a better online user, how to use social media, how to create an email campaign, how to improve their websites. You would not believe that they have website and you want to give them money, you have to search for like five minutes and then find the IBAN number, then you can write down the IBAN number, that’s it. So we have to help them improve their online strategy, and I think if we’re able to do that then online donations will follow after that.Interviewer: So you are telling me that you’re trying to go to this kind of advising or consulting business and creating some revenue streams there as well?Nicolas: Yes and no. You’re right on the consulting. We have to do that and I believe that probab ly a lot of startups have to do that in the beginning, because of it’s direct cash. If you consult someone you get money right away. And that’s probably good, especially in the beginning, however it’s very hard to scale. So we try to get out of that as much as possible, however we still do it because I guess we need money. But we try to make a lot of those things automatic now. That means setting up an email newsletter that teaches them every week a new thing in social media that is tailored to non-profit organizations. And I think that’s the only way, because up to now we have like 500 hundred originations that we support, from big international organization like Amnesty, to very small local animal shelters, everything from kids to nature and everything. But the only way to scale that is if you do it automatically.Interviewer: If you’re thinking about switching costs, assume that I am a non-profit organization and because I realize that online marketing is important I wan t to use your tool or other tools for creating donations on my website, how do you try to integrate with this non-profit organization so they don’t have an incentive to switch to other providers?Nicolas: Hopefully because we do a very good job. Everything they need, they get from us, hopefully. We have the feeling that money and the price, as long as it is in the same ballpark, is not a reason why they would switch, it’s not for five years more or less. Because they have to trust us with the two most important things that they have, (a) with the money, and (b) with their donor data. We help them to control the data of their donors, so the level of trust has to be really high already. So if we do a good job and don’t violate that â€" which we don’t do â€" there is not really a reason to switch for one tool or another.Interviewer: Did I get it right that non-profit organizations don’t have the data of donors that donate via your online tool?Nicolas: No, no. We just help them , for example we have one IT guy who deals solely with credit cards, with payment security, so that means it would not make sense for an organization, not even a big one, to hire someone who deals with credit card security. But for us it makes sense because he is able to help 500 organization at one point. That means that all the data privacy protection stuff we do for them so that they don’t have to deal with it. Obviously the data is theirs, we just collect it for them.Interviewer: Let’s talk about the market development for the donation. You said one very interesting fact that in Europe most of the non-profit organization raise currently their money via offline sources. Can you tell us a little bit about the donation size in Europe, maybe in Germany, and which trends do you see, and what limitations do we currently have which need to be overcome in order to increase the online donation share?Nicolas: As I said, five to seven billion Euros are donated every year in Germany, Au stria and Switzerland, in this market space. It varies if there is a catastrophe like Haiti or something, then obviously that number goes up. As I said before about last years, I think 1.8% of that money was donated online. So you already get the feeling that, compared to buying flights, books and insurance stuff online, finding your future husband or wife online, all that happens now more and more, donations is very very in the back. So that has to change, or is changing, because the people donating are the ones that are working now in the office with a computer so everything moves to the online space.The average donation online is actually a lot higher, about three times as high as offline. For example, our average donation last year was €87, compared to the average offline donation that we get from the organizations, that was €29. So €29 to €87. And the main reason we think for that is that the average person is not going online for a €5 donation, that was maybe a misco nception in the beginning that young students that are online will chip in €5, it’s not the case, we get every day €500, €1000, €100. When people sit in front of their computer, they want to help, they want to do something, they take up their credit card, and you’re not putting out a credit card for €70 or €50, they do €100 donations.One other thing is that credit card donations are a lot higher than the typical debit donations, and we think maybe because there is a different demographic because not everyone has a credit card. If you have one and you shop online you usually donate a little bit more. Did that answer your question?Interviewer: It answered my question in terms of the current status. I would be interested in what limitations are there. Why are there only 1.8% of the total donations that are online right now?Nicolas: To mains reason, first, because indeed most donors are older, and we cannot convince the 98 year old lady to switch online now if she has never done online banking, if she never bought a flight online, or anything like that, the probability is that I will not convince her. So there will be a shift just by the demographic that will move into the donation demographic in the next couple of years. And that is what happened in the US and the UK and stuff.The other thing is that the clients have to change, they have to adapt to this shift to bring this demographic forward. For example, as I said before, there are websites that are horrible, there are websites that are ten years old and older, and obviously if you have a website like that and you only send out your newsletters via post once every year, why should you get online donations? So organizations have to start collecting email addresses, which sounds logical for all of us, but for many in those organizations â€" and I understand that, there are people that work part-time or as volunteers, they have a regular job, and on the weekend they have to build up an e-mail ne wsletter, which is something new for them â€" it is a hard shift, and that’s where we want to step in and help them to automate that stuff and make the first step towards progress in the modernization of their organization.Interviewer: Nicole, what could be your forecast for the next 20 years, once the current generation that is donating a lot of money and is older is not donating because they’re out of business, but the younger generation are they still donating as much as the current generation, or do you think even more or less?Nicolas: There’s a couple of different approaches to that. First, people tend to donate more once they reach certain age groups. Obviously as a young person you have to pay for your education, bringing up your family, buying your first house, car, whatever. And as soon as that’s settled, people have more spending money, so that’s why they usually spend more when they get older. So I am not afraid that people in five or ten years will donate less. But what will change probably, or is changing already, is how people donate. For example, my parents every year for the past 30 years have donated for the SOS Children’s Villages, automatically every year, the same amount. The change now is that younger people tend to donate more on a project basis. So they see there is a project, I want to help Amnesty International for this project, I want to help Green Peace for this, so people tend to be less loyal for an organization. Also, because of the worldwide web now they’re able to look at new and different projects that appeal more and more to them.There’s more and more organizations coming up every year. For example 20 years ago if you wanted to do something for nature, there was just Green Peace and WWF, and that’s it. Now every gorilla in Indonesia has its own charity on every island probably. So there’s more and more smaller organizations. I think that changes and that will change how people donate. But one of the tools th at we provide is peer-to-peer fundraising tool, I think it helps young people that don’t have as much money, like the woman that I mentioned before, but she still wants to get active and do something, but she has friends and family and her uncle who are now able to donate, so she can do something good without spending thousands of Euros, but she’s still make a lot of difference.Interviewer: Because it’s project based. Can you briefly explain the market development and the market dynamics in terms of the competitors and how they act in the US, for example, because from my understanding the US is quite a big donor market, and maybe how the competitive situation is there and in Europe, and how the dynamics are?Nicolas: You’re absolutely right. In the US last year over €300 billion donated, compared to Germany six or seven billion. So it’s just a big difference. It’s not only because of the size of the market, it’s also because it’s a different culture. They pay less t axes, there’s nothing like church tax, which we have in Germany here, but people donate a lot more on a community basis. You donate for your school, your university, all that stuff, which we don’t have here. That’s why there are a lot more donations over there. That’s one thing.The competitive structure here in Germany is that there are two to three other software providers that do something similar like we do, obviously everyone has their small their niche, but right now we compete maybe for just 1.8% of the market slice. The main competitor that we all share is offline, it’s the postcard, it’s the mailing, it’s the person on the street, that costs a lot more money than raising money online. So I don’t know about them, but we think of our competitors like we all together have to make this slice of the pie a lot bigger, and if we’re able to do that then the market is big enough for all of us. Everyone has their own little features and strengths and weaknesses, but we still think everybody is helping to make the pie bigger.Interviewer: Nicole, we at Entrepreneurial Insights always try to give first-time entrepreneurs some advice so they make less errors. What advice could you give maybe to your best friend or something?Nicolas: I think a lot like sharing is caring, and in this case I think it is a good job that you guys do because there are a lot of mistakes that people can avoid if they don’t do the mistake for the first time. For example, one thing is to share your idea. I don’t believe that it would be a good idea to simply keep my idea secret and not talk to anybody, because if they steal the idea they will make the next Facebook, Skype, eBay, whatever. That’s not going to happen. If your idea is that weak that someone can just take it away because he heard it once, then it’s not a good idea. So we were pretty open about our idea, talked to investors, even to competitors, to clients when we still on PowerPoint structure, because we got a lot of feedback from them. We got a lot of critical feedback, a lot of good feedback, but it helped us a lot to grow the idea. So be open about what you’re trying to build.The second thing I would say is think about money pretty quickly. We had focussed on this in the beginning, and I saw a lot of other founders that were trying to build the product, they were thinking, “I have those €2,500 a month, that will be enough to get the product started and to get some cash flow and then after 12 months I will be profitable and I don’t investors.” It’s probably not going to happen. If it does, good job. But it did not happen for us and we pretty quickly, I think from day one, started to talk to investors, because everything will take longer, it’s just learning from everybody. And we also took those investors very early on to get feedback from them, so afterwards when we talked to them we not new to them. So we even talked to them when we did not want the money. So build ing up this relationship will take some time, but I think you should get started as early as possible.The third thing would be â€" but obviously that depends on the business â€" get the product out as fast as possible. This is again feedback related, because you can sit in your ivory tower and think a lot about what the clients want, just build it as fast and quick and cheap as possible, get it out and get some real feedback, and then you have some things to work into the product. We call it ‘progress not perfection’, that’s one of our mantras. So as long as you move along it doesn’t matter if it’s only 80% right. Obviously with brain surgery that should not be the case.Interviewer: Thank you very much Nicolas. And as Nicolas said, sharing is caring. So what do you do with this video? Thanks.

Business Bus 616 International Business - 2757 Words

BUS 616 – International Business Final Project [Student’s Name] Ashford University Date Table of Contents Culture of the Coca Cola Company 3 Ethics in international dealings 4 COCA COLA market entry 5 Licensing 5 Foreign Direct Investment 6 Joint ventures 7 Accounting practices 7 Strategic positioning of COCA COLA Company 8 COCA COLA international marketing strategy 9 The organization uses the B2C internet marketing technique. 9 Strategic position 10 Conclusion 11 References 13 Introduction Coca Cola is an international organization which is operating in more than 400 countries. It deals in the beverage industry and is leading the industry for years. Coca Cola is a competing brand, which has made its place in the market competing against several brands. Coca Cola is considered as the leading brand and is ranked as number 1 international brand, according to the ranking of 2011. Coca Cola deal in the beverage industry and provides people with several products. It is a well-known name and people all around the world knows about it. Headquarters of Coca Cola is in Atlanta, and the company has been operating for more than 126 years (Wise and Baumgartner, 1999). In 1886, the company was formed and since then it has been serving millions of people around the globe. Coca Cola is the lead brand of Coca Cola Company, which is the greatest reason of its recognition. Despite many competitors like Pepsi Co, the company has been able to maintain its position in theShow MoreRelatedBus 600 Strategies For Competitive Advantage Essay1816 Words   |  8 Pages ANALYSIS OF FRANCESCA’S HOLDING CORP. Ellie Nguyen (Nguyen Thi Thanh Nguyen) Student ID: 002282751 BUS 600 Strategies for Competitive Advantage The George L. Argyros School of Business Economics Chapman University â€Æ' Introduction Francesca’s is a 16-year-old specialty retailer chain in the United States. 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The Spanish American War During The 19th Century - 1391 Words

At the end of the 19th century the Spanish-American War was fought between the United States, and Spain. The war started a new beginning for three nations, the United States, Cuba and Spain. At the end of the war an empire would fall and new one would be created and Cuba would become an independent nation. Though battles were fought all over the world the war itself was mostly about Cuban Independence. During the latter half of 19th century Cuba was under the control of Spain. â€Å"Cuba, Spain’s oldest large colony in the New World, was still its proudest possession† (Somerlott, 2002) the quick destruction of Spanish forces ended there rule in the New World and allowed the US to become an empire. Also it allows the speed†¦show more content†¦He was soon arrested and tried for treason and later excelled to Spain. â€Å"He had served six years at hard labor in a rock quarry in Cuba and Spain as punishment† (Jeffers, 1996) In 1881 Marti was back in t he US writing with newspapers on the injustices that were going on in Latin America. Unfortunately he soon realized the only way independence from Spain was to come was thought war. After aligning himself with militants 1884 he began the overthrow of the government. In 1894 Marti and a small group of insurgents landed on the island of Cuba. After a brief struggle Marti was killed. â€Å"On May 20, near the little town of Dos Rios, Jose Marti took a Spanish bullet through the heart† (Jeffers, 1996) His sacrifice would galvanized a nation for independence and soon they look to the US for help. â€Å"In 1895 after decades of futile revolt, a simmering Cuba erupted into a full-scale war for independence, Spanish reaction was swift and brutal† (Somerlott, 2002) On February 15, 1898 the USS Maine a battleship sent to Cuba with the purpose of escorting and protecting Americans mysteriously exploded Havana harbor. The ship sank with the loss of 260 Sailors. The American pr ess wanting war stoked the fires of hate across the nation. Using unproven accusations of sabotage at Spain war was inevitable. â€Å"The explosion which destroyed the Maine was the

Song of Roland Free Essays

The textbook displays Charlemagne as an astounding and great military leader but examines a few of his flaws as well. The Song of Roland creates the image of Charlemagne that is an extraordinary, legendary leader. They both tell about what great things he accomplished in his life, the many wars he won and how his bravery carried him through everything. We will write a custom essay sample on Song of Roland or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Song of Roland praised him in such a legendary way to create the impression of a heroic leader. By doing this it establishes a strong positive view of the Frankish Empire. In the ninth chapter of the Making of the West, the authors describe the Carolingian king, Charlemagne and the various views of his life that historians have. While admiring his greatness the authors analyze a few negatives about Charlemagne. For example, he liked the Pope but hated that the Pope crowned him emperor. He liked being king and calling himself king but at first didn’t want the title of Emperor. Another criticism to Charlemagne’s great work as a military leader is that he did all of his work winning wars and conquering lands that he destroyed the states surrounding his original empire and gaining control of them but by doing that, he lost his buffer. So soon after all the wars were finally over for Charlemagne, hew invasions started occurring on the borders of his new kingdoms. One more concern historians claim he did was what he had done when he arrived at the Saragossa Town after the winning the war with the Saxons. Apparently when he got to the city, the citizens were resisting conversion to Christianity and he wasn’t happy about it. He forced mass conversion of the Muslim citizens with the threat of his sword. This act goes against the whole idea of Christianity to be accepting of other faiths and tolerant of them. These examples only demonstrate a few criticisms to Charlemagne’s leadership but still explain that he was a great emperor overall. The Song of Roland describes Charlemagne as an amazing military leader. He had Counts and Bishops in charge of leading wars to gain lands for the Franks in every direction and he was successful in doing so. He was a very emotional man, he wept over the deaths of fellow comrades and warriors, friends and relatives. Charlemagne was also a spiritual man in that he prayed everyday and asked for God to protect the bodies of the fallen soldiers and keep them safe. The angel St. Gabriel came down to him many times to give Charlemagne advice or to encourage him to continue his missions and to fight. He fought with courage and bravery, he was afraid of nothing. After his victory against Emir, he still felt the need to serve God and all his kingdom respected him for that and obeyed his power. Charlemagne is described as a courageous, spiritual, loyal and extraordinary emperor and leader full of pride for his kingdom. All of the words Charlemagne can be indentified with help bring about the view of the Frankish Empire. Because of the things Charlemagne did and more importantly they way he went about them, the Frankish kingdoms were viewed as prestigious and in control. They gave off the impression of high power and other kingdoms were going to have a challenge if they wanted to fight the Franks. The Making of the West textbook and the book The Song of Roland discuss how great Charlemagne was and how what he did made a difference in the view of the Frankish Empire. Although he had some flaws or contradictory actions, he was still an astounding emperor. He expanded his kingdoms and defeated many enemies. He had become a heroic military leader for the Franks and the Frankish Empire. How to cite Song of Roland, Papers

Ivan The Terrable Essays - Rurik Dynasty, Rurikids,

Ivan The Terrable Ivan the Terrible Ivan the Terrible was a cruel tyrant, who never knew the meaning of moderation; He drank too much, laughed too loudly and hated and loved too fiercely. And he never forgot anything. Ivan was definitely smart and despite his cruelty, his reign is known as one of the greatest rules in Russian history. In Russia Ivan was called Grozny, which has always been translated to the terrible, but actually means the awesome. Born in 1530, Ivan was only three when he inherited the Russian throne following his father's death. At the age of seven, tragedy struck again when nobles of his court poisoned his mother. By his early teens, he was already displaying some of his uglier traits. He would throw live animals from towers and appeared to derive pleasure from doing so. Ivan was crowned Russia's first Tsar at the age of 17. Three weeks later he married, having chosen his bride in a national virgin competition. Virgins over the age of twelve were brought to the Kremlin to be paraded before him. He chose Anastasia, the daughter of a minor noble, and their marriage proved to be a very close one. Ivan had huge ambitions for his new Imperial dynasty. He launched a holy war against Russia's traditional enemy, the Tartars. Showing no mercy to these Muslim people Ivan's conquest of Kazan, and later Astrakhan and Siberia, gave birth to a sixteenth century personality cult glorifying him as the Orthodox crusader. His wife Anastasia helped to hold his cruelty back but in 1560 she died. He accused his nobles of poisoning her, and became even more mentally unstable. Recent studies have shown that there was over ten times the normal amount of mercury in her hair showing that she was murdered. He set up a bodyguard that has been described as Russia's first 'secret police' (the Oprichniki) as a religious brotherhood sworn to protecting God's Tsar. In reality, they became marauding thugs, ready to commit any crime in the Tsar's name. Ivan sentenced thousands to internal exile in far off parts of the empire. Others were condemned to death their families and servants often killed as well. Ivan would give detailed orders about the executions, using biblically inspired tortures to reconstruct the sufferings of hell. More than 3,000 people were killed in Ivan's attack on Novgorod during Livonian War. In a fit of rage, Ivan struck his son and heir dead with his staff. Mad with sorrow and guilt, he had a dramatic volte face, posthumously forgiving all those he'd executed and paying for prayers to be said for their souls. Before his death, Ivan was re-christened as the monk Jonah and buried in his monk's habit. In the hope of finding ultimate forgiveness. After note Ivan's achievements were many. He forced Russia into Europe. The prolonged and unsuccessful Livonian War overextended the state's resources and helped bring Russia to the verge of economic collapse. These factors, together with Tatar incursions, resulted in the depopulation of a number of Russian provinces by the time of Ivan's death in 1584. Nevertheless, he left Russia far more centralized both administratively and culturally than it had been previously. Ivan encouraged Russia's cultural development, especially through printing. He himself wrote well, most his surviving writings are mainly political, his choice of words and his biting sarcasm were very unprofessional. History

How to Register as a Government Contractor

How to Register as a Government Contractor For thousands of small businesses, contracting for the sale of their goods and services to the federal government agencies opens the doors of growth, opportunity and, of course, prosperity. But before you can bid on and be awarded government contracts, you or your business must be registered as government contractor. Getting registered as a government contractor is a four-step process. 1. Obtain a D-U-N-S Number You will first need to obtain a Dun Bradstreet D-U-N-S ® Number, a unique nine-digit identification number for each physical location of your business. D-U-N-S Number assignment is free for all businesses required to register with the federal government for contracts or grants. Visit the D-U-N-S Request Service to register and learn more about the D-U-N-S system. 2. Register Your Business in the SAM Database The System Award Management (SAM) resource is the database of vendors of goods and services doing business with the federal government. Sometimes called â€Å"self-certifying,† SAM registration is required by the Federal Acquisitions Regulations (FAR) for all prospective vendors. SAM registration must be completed before your business can be awarded any government contract, basic agreement, basic ordering agreement, or blanket purchase agreement. SAM registration is free and can be done completely online. As part of SAM registration process you will be able to record your business’ size and socio-economic status, as well as all FAR-required solicitation clauses and certifications. These certifications are explained in the Offeror’s Representations and Certifications - Commercial Items section of the FAR. SAM registration also serves as a valuable marketing tool for government contracting businesses. The federal agencies routinely search the SAM database to find prospective vendors based on goods and services provided, size, location, experience, ownership and more. In addition, SAM informs the agencies of firms that are certified under the SBA’s 8(a) Development and HUBZone programs. 3. Find Your Company’s NAICS Code While it’s not absolutely necessary, chances are you will need to find your North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code. NAICS codes classify businesses according to their economic sector, industry, and location. Depending on the products and services they offer, many businesses may fit udner multiple NAICS industry codes. When you register your business in the SAM database, be sure to list all of its applicable NAICS codes. 4. Obtain Past Performance Evaluations If you want to get in on the lucrative General Services Administration (GSA) contracts and you should want to you need to get a Past Performance Evaluation report from Open Ratings, Inc. Open Ratings conducts an independent audit of customer references and calculates a rating based upon a statistical analysis of various performance data and survey responses. While some GSA solicitations for bids do contain the form to request an Open Ratings Past Performance Evaluation, vendors may submit an online request directly to Open Ratings, Inc. Items You Will Need for Registration Here are some of the things you will need when registering your business. Your NAICS codesYour DUNS - Data Universal Numbering System numberYour Federal Tax Identification Number (TIN or EIN)Your Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codesYour Product Service codes (optional but helpful)Your Federal Supply Classification codes (optional but helpful) Obviously, all of these codes and certifications are geared toward making it easier for the federal government purchasing and contracting agents to find your business and match it to their specific needs.   US Government Contracting Rules to Know Once you are registered as a government contractor, you will be required to comply with several laws, rules, regulations, and procedures when doing business with the government. By far the two most important of these laws are the aforementioned Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) and the 1994 Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act (FASA). However, there are many other laws and regulations that deal with government contracting. Government Contracting Procedures Briefly Each agency of the federal government conducts business with the public through three specific authorized agents, called contracting officers. These officers are: The Procurement Contracting Officer (PCO)- awards contracts and deals with contract terminations in the event the contractor defaults on the terms of the contract.The Administrative Contracting Officer (ACO)- administers the contract.The Termination Contracting Officer (TCO)- deals with contract terminations when the government chooses to terminate the contract for its own reasons. Depending on the situation, the same person may the PCO, the ACO, and the TCO. As a sovereign entity (the sole ruling power), the federal government retains rights that commercial businesses do not have. Perhaps most importantly, the government has the right to unilaterally change the terms of the contract, provided that the changes are within the general parameters of the contract.

Gouverneur K. Warren - Civil War - Major General - Union Army

Gouverneur K. Warren - Civil War - Major General - Union Army Gouverneur K. Warren - Early Life Career: Born at Cold Spring, NY on January 8, 1830, Gouverneur K. Warren was named for a local Congressman and industrialist.   Raised locally, his younger sister, Emily, later married Washington Roebling and played a key role in the building of the Brooklyn Bridge.   A strong student, Warren obtained admission to West Point in 1846.   Traveling a short distance down the Hudson River, he continued to display his academic skills as a cadet.   Graduating second in the Class of 1850, Warren received a commission as a brevet second lieutenant in the Corps of Topographical Engineers.   In this role, he traveled west and aided in projects along the Mississippi River as well as helped plan routes for railroads. Serving as an engineer on Brigadier General William Harneys staff in 1855, Warren first experienced combat at the Battle of Ash Hollow during the First Sioux War.   In the wake of the conflict, he continued to survey the lands west of the Mississippi with the goal of determining a route for the transcontinental railroad.   Ranging through the Nebraska Territory, which included parts of modern-day Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana, Warren helped create the first detailed maps of the region as well  as extensively surveyed the Minnesota River Valley.   Gouverneur K. Warren -  The Civil War Begins: A first lieutenant, Warren had returned east by 1861 and filled a post at West Point teaching mathematics.   With the beginning of the Civil War in April, he departed the academy and began aiding in raising a local regiment of volunteers.   Successful, Warren was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 5th New York Infantry on May 14.   Ordered to  Fortress Monroe, the regiment took part in Major General  Benjamin Butlers defeat at the Battle of Big Bethel on June 10.   Sent to Baltimore in late July, the  regiment aided in constructing fortifications on Federal Hill.   In  September, following the promotion of the 5th New Yorks commander, Colonel Abram Duryà ©e, to brigadier general, Warren assumed command of the regiment with the rank of colonel. Returning to the Peninsula in the spring of 1862, Warren advanced with Major General George B. McClellans Army of the Potomac and took part in the Siege of Yorktown.   During this time, he frequently assisted the armys chief topographical engineer, Brigadier General Andrew A. Humphreys, by conducting reconnaissance missions and drafting maps.   As the campaign progressed, Warren assumed command  of a brigade in Brigadier General George Sykes division of  V Corps.   On  June 27, he sustained a wound in the leg during the Battle of Gaines Mill, but remained in command.   As the Seven Days Battles progressed he again  saw action at the Battle of  Malvern Hill where his men aided in repelling Confederate assaults.   Gouverneur K. Warren -  Ascent to Command:   With the failure of the Peninsula Campaign, Warrens brigade returned north and saw action at the Second Battle of Manassas in late August.   In the fighting, his men were driven back by a massive assault from Major General James Longstreets corps.   Recovering, Warren and his command were present the following month at the Battle of Antietam but remained in reserve during the fighting.   Promoted to brigadier general on September 26, he continued to lead his brigade and returned to combat in December during the Union defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg.   With the ascent of Major General Joseph Hooker to command of the Army of the Potomac in  early 1863, Warren received an assignment as the armys chief topographical engineer.   This soon saw him advance to become the  armys chief engineer. In May, Warren saw action at the Battle of Chancellorsville  and though  it resulted in a stunning  victory for General Robert E. Lees  Army of  Northern Virginia, he was commended for his performance in the campaign.   As Lee began moving north to invade Pennsylvania, Warren advised Hooker on the best routes for intercepting the enemy.   When Major General George G. Meade succeeded Hooker on June 28, he continued to  help direct the armys movements.   As the two armies clashed at the Battle of Gettysburg  on July 2, Warren recognized the importance of the heights at Little Round Top which was situated off the Union left.   Racing Union forces to the hill, his efforts just prevented Confederate  troops from seizing the  heights and turning Meades flank.   In the fighting, Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlains 20th Maine famously held the line against the attackers.  Ã‚  In recognition for his actions at Gettysburg, Warren received a promotion to major general o n August 8. Gouverneur K. Warren - Corps Commander: With this promotion, Warren assumed command of II Corps as  Major General Winfield S. Hancock had been badly wounded at Gettysburg.   In October, he led the corps to victory over Lieutenant General A.P. Hill at the Battle of Bristoe Station and showed skill and discretion  a month later during the Mine  Run Campaign.   In the spring of 1864, Hancock returned to active duty and the Army of the Potomac reorganized under guidance of Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and Meade.   As a part of this, Warren received command of V Corps on March 23.   With the beginning of the Overland Campaign in May, his men saw extensive fighting during the Battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House.   As Grant pushed south, Warren and the armys cavalry commander, Major General Philip Sheridan, repeatedly  clashed as the latter felt that the V Corps leader was too cautious.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the armies moved closer to Richmond, Warrens corps again saw action at Cold Harbor before shifting further south to enter the Siege of Petersburg.   In an effort to force the situation, Grant and Meade began extending Union lines south and west.   Moving as part of these operations, Warren won a victory over Hill at the Battle of Globe Tavern in August.   A month later, he achieved another success in the fighting around Peebles Farm.   During this time, Warrens relationship with Sheridan remained strained.   In February 1865, he saw substantial action at the Battle of Hatchers Run.   Following the Confederate defeat at the Battle of Fort Stedman in late March 1865, Grant instructed Sheridan to strike Confederate forces at the key crossroads of Five Forks.    Though Sheridan requested Major General Horatio G. Wrights VI Corps support the operation, Grant instead assigned V Corps as it was better positioned.   Aware of Sheridans issues with Warren, the Union leader gave the former permission to relieve him if the situation warranted.   Attacking on April 1, Sheridan soundly defeated enemy forces led by Major General George Pickett at the Battle of Five Forks.   In the fighting, he believed that V Corps moved too slowly and that Warren was out of position.   Immediately after the battle, Sheridan relieved Warren and replaced him with Major General Charles Griffin.    Gouverneur K. Warren - Later Career: Briefly sent to lead the Department of Mississippi, an irate Warren resigned his commission as a major general of volunteers on May 27 and reverted to his rank of major of engineers in the regular army.   Serving in the Corps of Engineers for the next seventeen years, he worked along the Mississippi River and aided in the construction of railroads.   During this time, Warren  repeatedly requested a court of inquiry into his actions at Five Forks in an effort to clear his reputation.   These were refused until Grant left the White House.   Finally, in 1879, President Rutherford B. Hayes ordered a court convened.   After extensive hearings and testimony, the court concluded that Sheridans actions had been unjustified.    Assigned to Newport, RI, Warren died there on August 8, 1882, three months before the courts findings were formally published.   Only fifty-two, the cause of death was listed as acute liver failure related to diabetes.   As per his wishes, he was buried locally in Island Cemetery with no military honors and wearing civilian clothes.    Selected Sources: Civil War Trust: Gouverneur K. WarrenCivil War: Gouverneur K. WarrenNNDB: Gouverneur K. Warren

Reasons why scientist believe the global climate is in the state of Essay

Reasons why scientist believe the global climate is in the state of crisis - Essay Example Earth’s energy budget constitutes the shortwave radiation net flow into the earth from the sun and the long wave radiation out to space. The weather and climate experienced on Earth are determined by the amount and distribution of incoming radiation from the sun. For an equilibrium climate, outgoing long wave radiation (OLR) necessarily balances the incoming absorbed solar radiation (ASR). However, there is a great deal of fascinating atmosphere, ocean, and land phenomena that couple the two. Greenhouse gas warming is caused by a shift in this balance where OLR is reflected back to the surface by the atmosphere. This reflection is due to the presence of heat-trapping gases (greenhouse gases) in the atmosphere. These gases include: carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Naturally this reflection helps maintain the life sustaining surface temperature of the earth. Human activities have however increased the concentration of these gases; specifically carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has been building up since the advent of the industrial revolution in the mid-1700s, mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) and the cutting down of forests. Human activities have also increased the emissions of other greenhouse gases, such as methane, nitrous oxide, and halocarbons. Halocarbon emissions come from the release of certain manufactured chemicals to the atmosphere. Examples include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were used extensively in refrigeration and for other industrial processes before their presence in the atmosphere were found to cause stratospheric ozone depletion. Methane concentration has increased mainly as a result of agriculture; raising livestock (which produce methane in their digestive tracts); mining, transportation, and use of certain fossil fuels; sewage; and decomposing garbage in landfills. About 70%

Unit 1 Lab Assignemnt Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 1 Lab Assignemnt - Coursework Example To enable a DHCP client to use an address permanently, one creates client reservations. DHCP options pass additional IP setting to clients. Some of these options include DNS server and Domain name. The design of DHCP options involves definition of settings to establish the boundaries of a given DHCP configuration. Server options apply the options to all scopes defined while scope options apply to a single scope (It Essentials: Pc Hardware and Software Companion Guide 53). In addition to the DHCP configuration, there exist advanced settings. One can enable the pool configuration or specify additional service availability settings. Configuring a DHCP relay agent involves configuring the relay agent program in a computer allowing messages to be relayed across different subnets (It Essentials: Pc Hardware and Software Companion Guide 76) Setting up a relay agent on a computer on each subnet allows message traffic to be relayed to computers on different subnets (Bender 67). Configuration Protocol for IPv6 can also be configured for DHCP. The use of IPV6 allows many subnets to be created. Networking is important in any IT field. Proper understanding of this lab concepts helps prevent network errors that come about from improper configuration. Traffic jam, which is common problem to large networks, can be prevented if one adheres to proper configuration. Network security can also be guaranteed by proper

Economic Business Strategies of Ryanair

Economic Business Strategies of Ryanair Ryanair Introduction The economics of business vary, both depending upon the industry where they operate and the style and strategy adopted by the management. Within this paper it is intended to assess those economic factors as they relate to the â€Å"low-cost† airlines. To assist with this assessment Ryanair, one of the leading â€Å"low-cost† airline operators in Europe, will be used as an example. Existing Corporate Strategy Following the liberalisation of the airline industry, the consumer demand for air travel began to increase. However, when operators such as Ryanair, an Irish based company, was one of the â€Å"first-movers† (Faulkner and Campbell 2006). in adopting a â€Å"low-cost† strategy for Europe, similar to the model successfully introduced by Southwest Airlines (2007) in the US, the levels of demand increased dramatically. As can be seen from the numbers of passengers using UK airports (see table 1). Table 1 Airline passengers Year Passengers (m) 1980 50 1990 90 2000 180 The demand for airline seats is also forecast to more than treble by 2030 to around five hundred million UK passengers. Ryanair is an Irish airline operator that commenced business in the mid 1980’s with one 15-seater aircraft, has grown to a business that now has a fleet of over 150 aircraft and carrying over two million passengers (About Us 2007). Since the beginning of the century, the company’s growth rate has improved substantially, to a position where it is now supplying air travel to around forty million passengers (see figure 1), with an expectation of this rising to seventy million within the next few years (Ryanair 2007). The company has achieved this growth by supplying consumers with consistently low prices. It maintained these low fares by creating a â€Å"no frills† price advantage (Pettigrew et al 2002), which differentiated its service from the established airline competitors (Porter 2004, p.207 and Kotler et al 2004, p.407). In other words Ryanair offered cheap fares with lower levels of service. For example, free in-flight meals were eliminated. At one stage the no-frills policy included not providing ice for in-flight drinks (Creaton 2004, p.169), although this was reintroduced following complaints. However, to sustain this position, as Lynch (2006) and Faulkner and Campbell (2005), who submitted that to achieve and maintain low price in the market place, the business itself had to be structured in a way that provided a limited cost base. Ryanair has achieved this situation by taking a number of measures, which include: Maximising use of resources by using one aricraft type, increasing employee roles and reducing airpot turnaround times. Ticketless and direct selling via the Internet or phone, which served to reduce administrative costs. Use of secondary rather than main airports. This move enabled the business to negotiate lower airport fees. Single class travel, elimatiion of free inflight services and seat reservation helped reduce business costs. All of these measure have given Ryanair the flexibility to be able to maintain a flexibility of price, from 99p owards, and service and helped it to react effectively to industry changes. In terms of profit and the financial contribution that Ryanair’s strategy has achieved, as can be seen from the following financial data taken from the relevant company’s website, shows how successful Ryanairs appraach was in 2003, when compared with its main competitors (See table 2 below). Table 2Net profit percentages Company Percentage Ryanair 17.81% Easyjet 7.98% British Airways 7.28% Challenges There are significant future challenges facing the low-cost airline industry in general, and Ryanair in particular, which will need to be addressed. Amongst these are the following: Competition It increased regional and global harmonisation and development of air travel; Ryanair is bound to face increasing competition within the next five years. This could materialise from developing nations within Europe, where there is significant scope for new entrants (see figure 2) It could also result from the recently signed â€Å"open skies† agreement between the EU and US (Milmo and Gow 2007). Both of these actions could result in loss of market share to new entrants, which would impact adversely upon Ryanair’s current level of success and financial results. Similarly, Ryanair’s own growth predictions could reduce its profitability levels. Whilst growth brings economies of scale, it can increase management costs, which is counter-productive to efficiency (Creaton 2004, p.250). Taxation At present the airline industry is heavily subsidised. As identified with the Bized (2004) report, this benefits the industry players by around  £6 billion annually. These benefits include zero VAT, capped landing charges and fuel tax exemption. It is anticipated the removal of these benefits, by introducing the relevant takes could reduce passenger levels by over 22% as a result of the increase in prices. Whilst it is not expected that all these subsidies will be eliminated at once, there is little doubt that for political, treasury and environmental reasons some adjustments will be seen in these areas will be seen within the next five years. Environment The major challenge facing Ryanair relates to its impact on climate change. Following recent IPCC, the EU are becoming increasingly concerned with the airline industries contribution to this global issue. As a result, these organisations have developed industry targets that are expected to be met within the next 5 years and beyond (see table 3). Unless Ryanair adapts its corporate strategy to take into account these targets, the result addition costs, or reduction in service will impact severely upon its ability to remain cost efficient and to maintain its present levels of profitability. Future Strategy As has been advised by a number of researchers (Lynch (2006) and Faulkner and Campbell (2006)) every business needs to review its corporate strategy to address future challenges. There are two ways that Ryanair can address the challenges that have been outlined in the previous section of this paper In terms of reducing the impact of competition, and making it more difficult for new entrants, the business needs to continue to seek ways to sustain its cost reduction programme. This not only means that it has to ensure that the internal management structure efficiency of the business needs to be as efficient as it has been in the past, but also that the business needs to seek new measures of cost reductions. For example, expanding its automatic check-in processes through all its locations would greatly reduce the business human resource cost. It can also sustain its lower price policy by transferring the cost of flying from ticket cost to other aspects of the travel, for example luggage. This specific action could also offset any potential airport cost increases. However, the most effective strategy to adopt in order to address all of the challenges is to develop a plan that increases the supply to meet anticipated demand, whilst at the same time reducing the cost of that supply and the effects of increased taxations and meeting its environmental commitment. The most effective plan for this achievement is the conversion of the current fleet to higher passenger capacity aircraft. For example, the introduction of a significant number of Airbus models would double capacity on those flights. From an economic viewpoint it would also reduce costs. For example the maintenance and servicing costs would remain the same because aircraft numbers have not been increased, but will reduce as a percentage of the ticket cost. Similarly, airport costs and other taxes, such as fuel tax would also be reduced per passenger capita. Finally, because of the increased load, and higher efficiency of these aircraft, the emissions level per passenger km would also see a reduction, thus helping the business to meet its environmental targets. Conclusion As has been seen from this research, over the past two decades the business economic strategies that Ryanair has employed have been successful in helping it maintain competitive advantage, achieve passenger growth and fulfil its objective of increasing business value. However, with the future challenges facing the business from increased competition, rising taxation and environmental concerns, the business will need to adopt a that is flexible to change, whilst at the same time enabling it to continue to sustain and achieve the successes of the past. This will mean combining cost reduction with a production and supply system that reduces the impact of potential tax increases, whilst at the same time enabling Ryanair to meet the increasing demands of reducing its environmental impact. Bibliography Bized (2004). Low Flying Fares: An End to Cheap, No Frills? Retrieved 27 July 2007 from http://www.bized.co.uk/current/leisure/2003_4/010304.htm Brassington Frances and Pettitt, Stephen (2006). Principles of Marketing, 4th edition, Pearson Education Ltd. London, UK Channel 4 News (2007). If you care about the environment, you should fly Easyjet. Really? Retrieved 16 May 2007 from http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/society/environment/factcheck+how+green+is+easyjet/509642 Creaton, Siobhan (2004). Ryanair: How a Small Irish Airline Conquered Europe. Aurum Press Ltd. London, UK. Faulkner, David and Campbell, Andrew (2006). The Oxford Book of Strategy: A Strategy Overview and Competitive Strategy. New ed. Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK. De Groote, P.D (2005). The Success Story of European Low-Cost Carriers in a Changing Airworld. GaWC Research Bulletin 174. Retrieved 27 July 2007 from http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb174.html Kotler, Philip. Wong, Veronica., Saunders John A and Armstrong, Gary (2004). Principles of Marketing, 4th European edition, Pearson Education Ltd. London, UK. Lynch Richard (2006). Corporate Strategy. 4th edition. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Harlow, UK. Milmo Dan and Gow David (2007). EU Open skies deal. The Guardian. London, UK. Pettigrew, Andrew M. Thomas, Howard and Whittington, Richard (2002). The Handbook of Strategy and Management. Sage Publications Ltd. London, UK. Porter, Michael E (2004). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors. The Free Press. New ed. The Free Press. New York, US. Report (2007). The Environmental Effects of Civil Aircraft in Flight. Royal Commission of Environmental Pollution. Retrieved 29 July 2007 from http://www.rcep.org.uk/avreport.htm Ryanair (2007). About us. Retrieved 14 May 2007 from http://www.ryanair.com Southwest Airlines (2007). About SWA. Retrieved 28 July 2007 from http://www.southwest.com/about_swa/airborne.html

Comparison of American Education and Asian Eduction

Joshua R Coleman Mrs. Kumler English 10 4-26-12 Comparison of American Education and Asian Education For many years, the United States has prided itself in producing the most intelligent people in the world. Much of the U. S. ’s advances have been through the contributions of many brilliant scientists, doctors and other professionals. However, recent studies have shown that America is losing this advantage to many Asian countries including Japan and South Korea. American education has fallen short of the education found in the countries of Asia due to the lack of the competitive culture in America.To show the competitiveness of a nation one can look at a country’s population, average wages, and the amount of time spent in school. When compared to countries such as Japan and South Korea, the U. S. has a much higher population. However, it is not the total population that would make a nation competitive, but the amount of people living in a certain area. According to the National Census of 2011, there are over 300 million people in the United States living in the 3,537,422 sq. iles of the country (â€Å"Profile†). According to the U. S. Department of State, country of South Korea has a population of 48,754,657 people in its 38,023 sq. mi. To put the population of South Korea in comparison to the U. S. , imagine about one sixth of America’s population in side of the state of Indiana. The population of Japan consists of about 126,457,664 people living inside of its 145,902 sq. mi. The population density of Japan is about half of the United States’ population inside of the state of California.The population density shows how many people are competing with each other for jobs and college acceptance. Since America has such a large amount of territory, the people are not as threatened with each other, thus lowering its competition levels. Americans were once thought of having the richest population in the world. In 2010 National Wage Index, the average wage was $41,673. 83. This beats the average wage in South Korea, which is the equivalent of $33,000 U. S. dollars, yet loses to the citizens of Japan, who make the equivalent of $46,800 U.S. dollars (â€Å"2012 Average Salary Survey†). The wages help us determine whether the average man has a well paying job, for him to get a well paying job, he would probably need a good education. The amount of time spent in the classroom also may improve the superiority of the students it produces. The average American student goes to school for 6. 5 hours a day, 180 days a year (O’Mara). In South Korea, the required amount of time for children to attend school is 220 days (Pellissier). In Japan a total of 240 days is required.Students must also pass an entry exam to get into high school, thereby increasing the level of competition even higher (â€Å"Daily Life†). The longer school year and the entry exams force a student to become more focused and competi tive. South Korea, Japan, and the U. S. A. are part of the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), which â€Å"evaluate[s] education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students in participating countries/economies (PISA). † After the 2009 test scores were published, the U.S. fell below the average in the math section but remained only slightly above average in the reading portion of the test. Japan placed fourth in the mathematics section, and fifth in the reading section. South Korea, however, was the country that had the highest scoring in both mathematics and reading, ranking at the top of the list. These tests are proof that America is not producing the level of high scoring students as Asian Countries. This is yet another example of how a competitive culture can effect and improve an education system.From what the information suggests, the educational systems in Asian countries far exceed that of America. The level of comp etition in these countries plays a major factor in their success and will continue to allow only the best and brightest students to be selected in universities and jobs. If America is to retain her status as the world’s leading producer of brilliant minds, then it must somehow improve its educational systems in order to match not just the competition within her own borders, but across the globe.

About the Marie Short House, a First For Glenn Murcutt

The Effects Of Social Media On Children - 1671 Words

Over the years more and more students have joined the Social Media phenomenon, making students the largest age group that use it. It is estimated that young people aged between 16 and 24 spend more than 27 hours a week on the internet (Anderson, 2015). Spending this amount of time on the internet exposes users to health issues such as anxiety, sleeping problems and depression. Students often find themselves in a pressurised state, as a result of the demand of immediate replies to posts and comments on Social Media accounts. While the need to follow trending topics and conversations lead to lack of sleep and later anxiety problems. The suggested average hours of sleep is 9hours per night to allow the body and brain time to function again,†¦show more content†¦Social Media is one of the fastest ways to spread news and ideas. The recent increase of radicalisation has seen extremists and terrorist organisations targeting young people to recruit. This has been done through Soci al Media sites (Home Office) which have helped them to reach out to followers and potential followers, and spread their ideas and beliefs across. Social Media sites enable people to connect and interact with people all over the world, in doing so it becomes hard to distinguish between meaningful friendship and friendship phantom through Social Media (Strogatz). Students confide with one another as they share things in common, from degrees to favourite TV shows. As these relationships form the line between reality and Social Media friendship starts to fade, as users start to confide in one another about serious personal matters beyond university or collage life. As Social Media expands privacy declines. Baruh Soysal, (2010) state that ‘private and public are rapidly away’, this means that our private and public/social lives are being infused together. The line is blurring out. People can assess other users private information by looking them up in social outlets, this causes a sense of paranoia as it is unknown as to who and how many people are surveying your account, and what they are doing with the existing infor mation. Furthermore, Social Media sites have made it easier forShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Social Media On Children850 Words   |  4 PagesNegative Effects of Social Networking Social networks claim to connect us; however, connections have not gotten any better and are instead turning into anti-social networks; in which you decide to take control or be controlled. Children are using more technology now than they have ever used in the past. All of the negative effects that social media and television is having on adults are far greater when it comes to the developing minds of children. There is no way to know what long term effect technologyRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Children1385 Words   |  6 Pagesfriends; the ones that help us gain followers. Or using it for the right reason of communicating with family all over the world and meeting new friends abroad. But don’t you think that users such as teenagers in specific take advantage of what social media is actually for. At times parents are confused because they think that their child is using Facebook for the connection of their loved ones, or even group chats that are meant for positive feedback. Realistically we all know that isn’t the caseRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Children965 Words   |  4 Pageswith the volume of media consumption, social media usage, multi-screening behaviour, and when the individual adopted a technological lifestyle. As the use and consumption of technology increased, the ability to focus for a longer term decreased. 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Numerous stories such as these show that social networking provides people with many ways to quickly connect with other people and spread ideas around the world. (FaceTime or FaceTime) A valid fear of social media comes from parents’ apprehension over privacy and protection for their children. Indeed in 2009 ninety thousand confirmable sex offenders lost their accounts on MySpace after the site discovered them (SexRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Children2243 Words   |  9 PagesParents often warn their children not to post too much personal information on the internet. Common reasons for this include a parent’s fear that a child is giving out sensitive and personal information or that a child is opening themselves up to predators. In more recent years another reason has been added. With the invention of the internet, in the 90s, and with the rise of usage of social media, a parental fear is that their child will post the wrong thing and be denied a job or entrance intoRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Children And Adolescents962 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of Social Media on Children and Adolescents Life at home is normally peaceful until my mother shouts â€Å"Switch of that television and do something more constructive†orâ€Å"No phones at the table,†orâ€Å"switch off that laptop and get some good night sleep.† My little brother is always watching cartoons on television or playing video games while I spend most of my time on the laptop or on my phone twitter, Facebook, MySpace, Instagram or on blogs, or Youtube or any other social media website havingRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Children And Adolescents1545 Words   |  7 PagesSinsi English 1 June 1, 2015 The Effect of Social Media Using social media websites has become one of the most common activity of today s children and teenagers. 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Methods that could potentially improve the risk of a child’s well-beingRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Children, Adolescents, And Adults1637 Words   |  7 PagesOver the past several years’ social media, television, and other collective communication outlets have increasingly been displaying children, adolescents, and adults who are gender nonconforming. In films such as the 1999 Boys Don’t Cry and now the popular television show I am Cait, more attention has been given to those with the current diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria (GD) and/or those who define themselves as â€Å"transgendered† (Zuker et al., 2008). Despite this new attention, there is evidence that